Process for producing nitrogen compounds.



osoen -seunnnjor' POTSDAM, GERMANY.

PRDCESS FOR PRQDUCING NITROGEN COMPOUNDS.

No Drawing,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Oscar. BENDER, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Potsdam, Germany, have invented a new and useful Process for Producing Nitrogen Compounds, of which the following is a specification? i My invention relates-to improvements in the process for producing nitrogen-oxygen and nitrogen-hydrogen compounds, and more particularly in the process in which the said compounds are produced by combustion of a suitable fuel by meanssof-air" under a pressure which is above atmospheric pressure, and which is say 1, 2, ELA, and more atmospheres.

As is known in the art the rapidity and completeness of chemical reactionsare considerably increased in the presence of elements in sta-tunascenali. If a suitable amount of water in a state of fine distribution or atomization is added to the air for supporting combustion of a fuel: or to the fuel, the said water is split more or less into its elements. The 'aircontainsabout 21 per.

cent. of oxygen the Whole amount of which i can be found in the combustiongases in the form of carbonic acid, carbonous oxid, and

aresidue of free oxygen. l/Vhen adding a suitable amount of waterin a state'of fine distribution to theair for supporting com" one kilogram of coal 0.800 kilogram of water can be taken up, in which case the gases of "combustion do not'contain as an aggregate only'21 per cent. of'oxygen in the form of carbonic acid, carbonous oxid, and free oxygen, but the amount in considerably in;

creased, the amount ofoxygenbei-ng in some cases as high as 26 percent so-that there is say 13 per cent. of. carbonic acid and 13 per cent. of oxygen in the gases of combustion.v

-It follows from this, that apart from the oxygen of the air which can not'supply more than 21 per cent, a further amountof oxygen has been supplied by splitting the water. In the example referred to, in which 26 Specificatiouof Letters Patent.

' Patented Feb. 22, 1916.

a plication filed my 2, 1914. Serial No. 848,575.

per cent, of oxygen is found in the gases of combustion, e per cent. of oxygen is taken from the water. Therefore according to the symbol H O of the water 10 per cent. of:

hydrogen must have entered into the re action in a different form, p

The analysis of the gases of combustion shows that apart from av considerable amount of N 0 further amounts of nitrogen hydrogen compounds have been formel Therefore, a large amount of the water ha been split, the elements thereof having or.

tered into the reaction in stem nasccndz' 311C having formed corresponding amounts of nitrogen-hydrogen compounds apart from the NO.

The formation of the nitrogen compounds is most active at those parts of the reaction chamber where there are the highest temperatures. Therefore, at these parts care must be taken that the nitrogen compounds which are at equilibrium at the highest temp ratures, are fixed or frozen by suddenly cooling the same. For example, in a generator for solid fuel the highest temperatures prevail within that zone of the fuel and more particularly at such places where the carboncombines with the oxygen, and there-- fore, at these places cooling must be most .intensive and sudden. Preferably cooling is effected by means of hollow metallic bodies of large surface area which are cooled by means of a suitable cooling medium such as water, air, or the like which is circulated therethroug p v I prefer to use-a system of grates which is cooled by water. The combustion is carried out in such a way, that the most vehement oxidation of the carbon takes place on the surface, of the grating being cooled, while the ashes-and other residues fall through the grating by the sudden cooling. Simultaneously the nitrogen and the oxygen and hydrogen are brought into a state of equilibrium, andthe gases or compounds are suddenly cooled and fixed. Thereby large amounts of nitrogen are formed; one kilogram of carbon being able to produce about 100 grams of nitrogen compounds.

By carrying out the reaction above atmospheric pressure the combustion is accelerated according to the height of the pressure, so that a higher temperature is obtained and a greater a'mountof nitrogen compounds is formed. Therefore, I prefer to carry out the process under a pressure which is above atmospheric pressure, say 1, 2, 3, "l, 5, or more atmospheres.

I have found that with atemperature of.

- at the above ratio can be proved.

It will be obvious that in carrying out my process it will be necessary to regulate- ,the amount of air, water and fuel so that the highest yield in oxid may be obtained.

To increase the output in nitrogen-hydrbgen and nitrogen-oxygen compounds a Stills able amount of nitrogen carriers maybe added to the water, to the fuel, or to the air for supporting combustion. These nitrogen carriers may be substances or coml pounds which are chemically in equilibrium with nitrogen at comparatively low. temperatures. Such substances are particularly aluminium oxid (A1 0 or the compounds thereof, calcium or the like. In my improved process the said nitrogen carriers, such as aluminium xid or compounds thereof, which are more or less soluble in Water are admixed to the water to be entered into the reaction, whereupon the water is split in the manner indicated, and the aluminium oxid which has been added to the water is sin'iultaneouslv highly superheated, and they are easily brought into chemical equilibrium with the superheated nitrogen which is already present in the reaction and enter into reaction therewith. Also when adding nitrogen carriers the process is carried out'in the manner de scribed.

, I claim herein as my invention:

. 1. The herein described process of obtaining nitrogen compounds, which consists in burning a suitable fuel by means of air and in the presence of water and a nitrogen carrier, and separating the nitrogen compounds from the products of combustion.

' 2. The herein described process of obtain-. ing nitrogen compounds, Which consists in burning a suitable fuel by means of air and in the presence of water and aluminium oxid, and separating the nitrogen compounds from the products of combustion.

The herein described process of obtaining nitrogen compounds, which consists in containing aluminium and oxygen, and separating the nitrogen" compounds from the products of combustion.

4. The herein described process of obtaining'nitrogen compounds, which consists in burning a suitable fuel by means of air and in the presence of water and a nitrogen carrier and under pressure. aiul,separating the nitrogen compdunds from the ,products of combustion.

5. The herein described wroccrls of obtaining nitrogen compounds, which consists in burning a suitable fuel by means of air and in the presence of water and aluminium oXid, and cooling the cmnbustion gases in the zone of highest temperatiu'e, and separating the nitrogen compounds from the products of combustion.

6. The herein described process of obtaining nitrogen compounds, which consists in burning a suitable fuel by means ofair and in the presence of water and a nitrogen carrier, and cooling the combustion gases being formed within the mass of fuel, and separating the nitrogen compounds from the divided water in quantities up to 0.8 k per 1 kg: of coal. adding a nitrogen carrier and separating the nitrogen compounds from the products of combustion.

9. The herein described process of obtaining nitrogen compounds, which consists in burning under pressure a suitable fuel by means of air, introducing into the fuel a suitable amount .of finely divided Water and a nitrogen carrier, and cooling the combustion gases in the zone of highest temperature and separating the nitrogen compounds from the products of combustion.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

- OSCAR BENDER.

, Witnesses:

HENRY HAsPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

95 burning under pressure a suitable fuel by means of air, introducing into the fuel finely 

